Understanding the Link Between Trauma and Substance Use in Adolescents

• By: Michiko Bailey Andrade Bailey Andrade Consulting, LLC

•  April 16th, 2025

Trauma, such as physical or sexual abuse, domestic violence, or neglect, increases the likelihood of substance use in adolescents. Studies reveal that teens who have experienced trauma are up to three times more likely to misuse substances compared to their peers without such experiences. The intersection of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders (SUDs) among adolescents represents a significant public health concern. This complex interplay affects a substantial portion of the youth population, with far-reaching consequences for individual health, healthcare systems, and society in general.

The Department of Job and Family Services in the state of Ohio reports that in the National Survey of Adolescents, teens who had experienced physical or sexual abuse/assault were three times more likely to report past or current substance abuse than those without a history of trauma. In surveys of adolescents receiving treatment for substance abuse, more than 70% of patients had a history of trauma exposure.

Adolescents who experience traumatic events may develop psychological distress, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To cope with these challenging emotions and experiences, some teens might turn to drugs or alcohol as a form of self-medication. The self-medication hypothesis suggests that adolescents turn to substances as a way to numb emotional pain or cope with overwhelming memories. For instance, marijuana or alcohol may temporarily reduce anxiety or intrusive thoughts associated with trauma. However, this coping mechanism often exacerbates mental health issues and creates a cycle of dependency.

The Link Between Trauma and Substance Use in Adolescents.

Adolescence is a critical period of development, and exposure to trauma during this stage can impact mental health and behavior. Research consistently shows a strong connection between trauma and substance use among adolescents, with trauma often acting as a risk factor for developing substance use disorders (SUD). This article explores the complex relationship between trauma and adolescent substance use, highlighting key findings and potential interventions.

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Curated Content: Behavioral Health News